1. Latency (The "Delay")
What it is: The time it takes for a single piece of data (a packet) to travel from the sender to the receiver.
The Analogy: This is the speed limit or the time it takes for a single car to drive from City A to City B.
From the image: the end-to-end delay is shown as 40 ms. It measures the time for one single packet to reach its destination.
2. Throughput (The "Actual Data Delivered")
What it is: The actual amount of data that successfully reaches the destination per second.
The Analogy: This is the actual number of cars passing a specific point on the highway every minute. Traffic, accidents, or construction can slow this down.
From the image: Even if the road is wide, the delivered rate here is 62 Mbps of actual data moving through.
3. Bandwidth (The "Link Capacity")
What it is: The maximum potential rate that the network link can possibly carry. It’s the upper limit of your connection.
The Analogy: This is the number of lanes on the highway. A 6-lane highway can hold more cars at once than a 2-lane highway, but it doesn't guarantee the cars will move faster if there's traffic.
From the image: The total link capacity is 100 Mbps.
