Network is backbone of connectivity in the computing theory. Amazon Cloud (AWS) has 3 major components for internal and external network connectivity. They are
- Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)
- Route Table (RT)
- Internet Gateway (IGW)
Amazon VPC allows the users to use AWS resources in a virtual network. The users can customize their virtual networking environment as they like, such as selecting own IP address range, creating subnets, and configuring route tables and network gateways.
A route table contains a set of rules, called routes, that are used to determine where network traffic from your subnet or gateway is directed. A subnet is deemed to be a Public Subnet if it has a Route Table that directs traffic to the Internet Gateway
An IGW is a logical connection between an Amazon VPC and the Internet. It is not a physical device. Only one can be associated with each VPC. It does not limit the bandwidth of Internet connectivity. If a VPC does not have an Internet Gateway, then the resources in the VPC cannot be accessed from the Internet.
In a nutshell, AWS cloud's internal connectivity is managed by VPC and external internet world using IGW. Also, VPC is at Availability Zone (AZ) scope and IGW at Region level.
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